Humane Leadership Meeting Participant Biosketches
Dr. Anderson is Director of the Center for Psychology in Schools and Education and Assistant Executive Director of the Education Directorate at the American Psychological Association. She is also the Project co-Director of the Healthy Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Students Project (funded by the Centers for Disease Control) at APA.
Prior to joining APA, Dr. Anderson worked for the National School Boards Association as Director of policy research. Dr. Anderson also worked for Representative Jolene Unsoeld in the House of Representatives, where she was responsible for all activities, issues, and legislation relating to the Education & Labor Committee. She moved to Washington, D.C. to work at the Head Start Bureau with the Department of Health & Human Services as a Society for Research in Child Development Public Policy Fellow. Dr. Anderson has a Ph.D. in social and developmental psychology from the University of Pittsburgh, and is a former Assistant Professor at Santa Clara University.
Dorothy Cheney
Dr. Cheney is Professor of Biology at the University Pennsylvania. She received her Ph.D. from Cambridge University in 1977. Her research focuses on the communication and social behavior of non-human primates. Her current research is conducted on free-ranging baboons in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. She has also worked with vervet monkeys in Amboseli National Park in Kenya and mountain gorillas in Rwanda. All of her research is conducted jointly with Robert Seyfarth, a member of the University of Pennsylvania's psychology department.
Dr. Cheney's earlier work on vervet monkeys focused in part on the semantic content of alarm, inter-group, and within-group calls. Through the use of playback experiments, she and her colleagues explored how monkeys perceive and classify their vocalizations. Other research with vervet monkeys explored kin recognition, reciprocity, and knowledge of other species' behavior. She has continued to focus on many of these issues in her work with baboons.
Some of Dr. Cheney's representative publications include:
Cheney, D.L. and Seyfarth, R.M. (1990). How Monkeys See The World: Inside The Mind Of Another Species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Cheney, D.L. and Seyfarth, R.M. (1996). Function and intention in the calls of nonhuman primates. Proceedings of the British Academy, 88, 59-76.
Cheney, D.L., Seyfarth, R.M. and Palombit, R.A. (1996). The function and mechanisms underlying baboon contact barks. Animal Behaviour, 52, 507-518.
Cheney, D.L. and Seyfarth, R.M. (1997). Reconciliatory grunts by dominant female baboons influence victims' behavior. Animal Behaviour, 54, 409-418.
Daniel Chirot
Dr. Chirot graduated from Harvard in 1964 with a B.A. in Social Studies and from Columbia in 1973 with a Ph.D. in Sociology. He served in the Peace Corps in West Africa from 1964 to 1966. He has taught at the University of Washington in Seattle since 1975 and is Professor of International Studies and of Sociology. He founded the University's Center for the Study of Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution and is its co-director.
Dr. Chirot's research interests are: 1) Ethnic conflict and conflict resolution; 2) Political tyranny; 3) Socio-political change; and 4) Eastern Europe and post-communism.Dr. Chirot is an expert on Eastern Europe. In 1986, he founded and was the first editor of the leading academic journal in that area, East European Politics and Societies, for which he was later Chair of Editorial Board (1989-93), and Member of Editorial Board 1993 -). Most of his earlier publications, including a book on Romanian social history, were about this part of the world. He has also written three widely used textbooks on social change, How Societies Change, Social Change in the Modern Era, and Social Change in the Twentieth Century.
He is the co-editor, with Martin Seligman, of the forthcoming book Ethno-political Warfare: Causes, Consequences, and Possible Solutions. He has also co-edited a book comparing Jews in Central Europe to Chinese in Southeast Asia. Earlier he edited two other books, one on the collapse of communism in the late 1980s and early 1990s and one on the causes of economic backwardness in Eastern Europe. He is the author of Modern Tyrants: The Power and Prevalence of Evil in Our Age. It was the work on this book that led to his growing interest in ethnic conflict.
Dr. Chirot was Editor of The Crisis of Leninism and the Decline of the Left: The Revolutions of 1989 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1991). [Papers presented at a conference sponsored by the Henry M. Jackson Foundation and organized by the editor on the collapse of communism; held in Seattle, 1990]. He was also Editor of one of the leading reference works on the economic, social, and political history of Eastern Europe, The Origins of Backwardness in Eastern Europe: Economic and Political Change from the Middle Ages until the Early Twentieth Century (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1989; paperback edition, 1991). [Based on papers presented at a conference sponsored by the American Council of Learned Societies and the Rockefeller Foundation; held in Bellagio, Italy, 1985].
Dr. Chirot was Translator (with Holley C. Chirot) of Henri H. Stahl's Traditional Romanian Village Communities: The Transition from the Communal to the Capitalist Mode of Production in the Danube Region (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980).
He has published over 100 professional articles and reviews in many journals, including American Sociological Review, Contemporary Sociology, Social Forces, American Journal of Sociology, Theory and Society, Annual Review of Sociology, International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Eastern European Politics and Societies, Dissent, Contention, and chapters or articles in numerous books.
Dr. Chirot was a Member of the editorial board of the Rose Monograph Series of the American Sociological Association from 1983 to 1988; consulting editor of the American Journal of Sociology from 1986 to1988; and member of editorial board of Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions, form 1996 to 1998. He is presently still a member of the editorial board of Problems of Post-Communism, which he joined in 1996.
Dr. Chirot is a panelist and reviewer for the National Science Foundation, the National Endowment for Humanities, International Research and Exchanges Board, Social Science Research Council, Council for European Studies. He was a member of the American Council of Learned Societies' Joint Committee on Eastern Europe, one of the leading sources of grants for research in Eastern Europe from 1982 to1989 and a consultant for the National Endowment for Democracy, the United States Information Agency and U.S.A.I.D., Ford Foundation, BBC.
At the University of Washington, he was Chair of the Russian and East European Program and National Resource Center from 1988 to 1991 and acting Chair of the International Studies Program and National Resource Center in 1999.
In 1989, Dr. Chirot was Visiting Professor of Sociology at National Taiwan University; a Visiting Professor in Political Science at Northwestern University in 1993, and a Visiting Professor in Sociology at the University of California at San Diego in 1996.
Leda Cosmides (and John Tooby)
Drs. Cosmides and Tooby are two young scientists best known for their pioneering work in the new field of evolutionary psychology. This multidisciplinary new approach weaves together cognitive science, human evolution, hunter-gatherer studies, neuroscience, psychology and evolutionary biology into a new approach to understanding and mapping the human mind and brain. According to this new view, by understanding the adaptive problems our hunter-gatherer ancestors faced during their evolution, researchers can uncover the detailed functional designs of the emotions, reasoning "instincts" and motivations that human evolution produced.
Drs. Cosmides and Tooby both developed their interest in rebuilding psychology along evolutionary lines while undergraduates at Harvard, which is where they met, married, and began their 21-year collaboration. Dr. Cosmides took her A.B. in biology and her Ph.D. in cognitive psychology; Dr. Tooby took his A.B. in experimental psychology and his Ph.D. in biological anthropology. They did post-doctoral work with Roger Shepard, a cognitive psychologist at Stanford. They were then made Fellows at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, where they formed the Special Project on Evolutionary Psychology with three other researchers. In 1990 they moved to the University of California, Santa Barbara, where they are on the faculty-Dr. Cosmides in psychology, and Dr. Tooby in anthropology. In 1992, they published The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture, an edited volume designed to be a state-of-the-art survey of the new field.
They have published research in cognitive psychology, evolutionary biology, cultural and biological anthropology, genetics, and economics; on topics such as how humans have "cognitive instincts" specialized for reasoning about cooperation; on the adaptive design of the emotions; on the evolution of sexual reproduction as a defense against parasites; on conflict in the genome; and on the cognitive foundations of cultural transmission.
They have both won awards for their work on the foundations of evolutionary psychology. Dr. Cosmides won the 1988 American Association for the Advancement of Science Prize for Behavioral Science Research, and the 1993 American Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology. In 1991, Dr. Tooby won a Presidential Young Investigator Award from the National Science Foundation. They both had John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowships for 1999-2000. Drs. Cosmides and Tooby currently are co-Directors of the Center for Evolutionary Psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. They are working on a number of projects, including the exploration of the evolved psychology underlying coalitions and intergroup conflict, the evolutionary psychology of threat interpretation, the motivational basis of the aversion to incest, and the cross-cultural validation of human psychological universals.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
One of the world's leading authorities on the psychology of creativity, Dr. Csikszentmihalyi is the C.S. and D.J. Davidson Professor of Psychology at the Peter F. Drucker Graduate School of Management at Claremont Graduate University and Director of the Quality of Life Research Center. He is also Emeritus Professor of human development at the University of Chicago, where he chaired the department of psychology. His life's work has been to study what makes people truly happy. Drawing upon years of systematic research, he invented the concept of flow as a metaphorical description of the rare mental state associated with feelings of optimal satisfaction and fulfillment. His analysis of the internal and external conditions giving rise to flow show that it is almost always linked to circumstances of high challenge, when personal skills are used to the utmost. The Hungarian-born social scientist, a graduate of the classical gymnasium, Torquato Tasso, in Rome, completed his undergraduate studies at the University of Chicago, where he earned a Ph.D. in psychology in 1965. After teaching in the department of sociology and anthropology at Lake Forest College, where he rose from instructor to Associate Professor, he returned to Chicago in 1970 and was appointed a full Professor in 1982, a position he held until his retirement last year. He has been a Visiting Professor at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada, the University of Illinois, the University of Milan, the University of Alberta, Escola Paulista de Medecina in São Paulo, Brazil, Duquesne University, the University of Maine, the University of Jyvakyla in Finland, and the British Psychological Society.
Dr. Csikszentmihalyi's research has been supported by the United States Public Health Service, the J. Paul Getty Trust, the Sloan Foundation, the W.T. Grant Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the Spencer Foundation. A former resident scholar at the Rockefeller Center at Bellagio, resident fellow at the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences in Palo Alto, and senior Fullbright Fellow in Brazil and New Zealand, Dr. Csikszentmihalyi holds an honorary doctor of science degree from Lake Forest College. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Psychological Society, the National Academy of Education, and the National Academy of Leisure Studies and a foreign member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Serving on the editorial boards of numerous professional journals, he has been a consultant to business, government organizations, educational associations, and cultural institutions and given invited lectures throughout the world.
In addition to the hugely influential Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience (1990), which was translated into fifteen languages, he is the author of thirteen other books and some 185 research articles. His latest volume, Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life, was published in 1997 by Basic Books.
James M. Dabbs
Dr. Dabbs received his A.B. degree in psychology and philosophy at Davidson College in 1959 and his Ph.D. degree in social psychology at Yale University in 1962. He served in the U. S. Army, worked in a post-doctoral position at Yale, worked in psychology and public health at the University of Michigan, and in 1970 moved to Georgia State University, where he is now head of the social/cognitive program in the psychology department. He is a member of the Society of Experimental Social Psychology and a fellow of the American Psychological Association and the American Psychological Society. His research has been funded during most of the years since 1970 by the National Institute of Mental Health, National Science Foundation, Spencer Foundation, or Guggenheim Foundation. His publications include over a hundred articles in peer-reviewed journals on topics that include social interaction, non-verbal behavior, communication and persuasion, altruism, interpersonal attraction, physiological measures, and testosterone.
Dr. Dabbs' work has primarily dealt with social psychology, with more emphasis on social interaction and nonverbal behavior than on the cognitive area that characterizes much of the field. He examines cultural and the biological forces that affect behavior, with particular reference to sociology, evolutionary psychology, and hormonal factors. He is known nationally and internationally for this work and has probably collected more data on testosterone and behavior in men and women than any other researcher. His recent studies help to bridge a gap between physiology and cognition, examining how testosterone affects thinking and provides a link between thought into action. Summaries of his research can be seen at his website, www.gsu.edu/dabbs.
Much of his work is collaborative, and he has published with biologists, sociologists, anthropologists, physicians, and engineers. His work indicates there is often a neglected richness in the edges between disciplines, where different fields and methods come together and multilevel approaches can be brought to bear upon common problems. He publishes mostly in social psychology and personality journals but has also published in sociology (Social Forces) and chemistry (Clinical Chemistry) journals. He is known for novel approaches to problems, and his work includes the development of new research methods, often influenced by areas outside social psychology. He tries to match the method to the problem, following the philosophy that costly or technically sophisticated techniques should be avoided unless they are essential, because they are often time-consuming and limit the amount of data one can collect. He is influenced by a tradition known as triangulation, which examines phenomena from independent but converging conceptual and methodological vantage points. His research strategy is guided by the view that single studies are never satisfactory, no matter how carefully done, because they leave too many unanswered questions, and that the diversity of findings from many overlapping studies will attract attention, resources, collaboration with others, and public interest. He frequently directs his findings to a public audience via news and entertainment media, and he has recently published a trade science book on testosterone and behavior that is being well received.
Martin Daly
Dr. Daly is an "evolutionary psychologist" whose research includes laboratory and field studies of both human and nonhuman behaviour, using experimental, observational and archival methods.
Dr. Daly received his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Toronto in 1971. The most noteworthy product of his doctoral research was a critique of a then-prominent body of research that simplistically treated "stimulation" of rodents as a model of enriched childhood experience in humans. As a post-doctoral fellow, Dr. Daly joined a group led by John Crook at Bristol University studying the ecological reasons for species differences in social behaviour, and conducted research on the comparative socio-ecology of gerbils in the Algerian Sahara. Daly has continued comparative research on the ecology and behaviour of desert rodents ever since, working mainly on kangaroo rats in the U.S. southwest.
In 1978, Dr. Daly and his spouse and collaboratrix, Margo Wilson, published the first edition of their textbook Sex, Evolution & Behavior; moved to McMaster University (where they have stayed); and began a program of human research, using archival data from police files and government agencies to test evolutionary psychological hypotheses about factors associated with interpersonal conflict and violence. Apart from the textbook, they are probably best known for work on excess risk to stepchildren (summarized in a short, semi-pop 1999 book entitled The Truth about Cinderella) and on violence against wives. They have written a great deal about the epidemiology and demography of assault and homicide, in their 1988 monograph Homicide and in many journal articles, emphasizing the fact that the substance of interpersonal conflicts is very different in different relationships (mates, rivals, parent and child, etc.) and that demographic patterns and risk factors vary accordingly.
Although well (and sadly) aware that interdisciplinary initiatives often descend to the lowest common denominator, Drs. Wilson and Daly are incorrigible participants (perhaps dilettantes?). They have held grants collaboratively with biologists, economists, psychologists and sociologists, and have published our work in over 50 journals of anthropology, child development, criminology, ecology, ethology, psychology, public health, sociology, theoretical biology, and zoology. A list of some of their recent publications, current interests, etc., is available at on their web-site: www.science.mcmaster.ca/Psychology/dalywilson/dalywilson.html
Drs. Daly and Wilson both served terms as President of the Human Behavior & Evolution Society, and presently co-edit its journal Evolution & Human Behavior. Daly is also co-Editor-in-Chief of the ethological journal Behaviour, and a member of the editorial boards of Homicide Studies and Human Nature.
Frans de Waal
Dr. de Waal's research on primate behavior focuses on social complexity in the widest possible sense, including alliance formation, reciprocal exchange, reconciliation following aggression, deceptive communication, and responses to environmentally induced stress. This research has a distinctly comparative character; it is being pursued with chimpanzees, bonobos, several macaque species, and capuchin monkeys. The methodology requires group-living captive animals, preferably under naturalistic conditions such as found at major zoos and research institutions. The three main topics of current interest are:
- Conflict resolution: processes of social repair following aggressive incidents, the prevention of aggression, the alleviation of distress in victims of aggression, etc.
- Crowding: Effect of environmental conditions and population density on the social behavior of macaques and chimpanzees.
- Reciprocity: Do primates exchange benefits such as food and grooming? Our food-sharing studies with chimpanzees are largely observational; those with capuchins are largely experimental.
Presently, his research unit includes one post-doctoral associate, three technicians, six graduate students, and a variable number of undergraduates and summer interns. He works at both the Yerkes Field Station (with its 2,000 primates in outdoor enclosures) and in the Capuchin Facility at the Yerkes Main Center. This research is being supported by NIH, NSF, NIMH, and NATO. His research unit collaborates with Zoo Atlanta, the University of Utrecht, Busch Gardens, and the New Iberia Research Center, as well as other primate facilities.
Roy Eidelson
Dr. Eidelson is the Director of Development and Research Associate at the University of Pennsylvania's Solomon Asch Center for Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict. Last summer, he was one of the Fellows who participated in the Asch Center's inaugural ten-week Summer Institute designed to encourage and prepare psychologists and other social scientists to direct their attention to these tragic conflicts. Since September, he has been working at the Asch Center with primary responsibility for building the Center's presence at Penn and in the broader academic community. These efforts include developing interdisciplinary programs and associations with scholars in related fields, preparing grant proposals, creating and maintaining the Center's website (http://psych.upenn.edu/sacsec), and the like.
Dr. Eidelson's current research interests most relevant to the M&M initiative emerge in part from his background as a clinical psychologist and in part from a variety of related research pursuits over the past 20 years. He is investigating the relevance of certain "core beliefs"-on an individual (e.g., group leaders) and collective basis-to the development, escalation, and amelioration of ethnic group conflict. The six that he is focusing on-all of which are relevant to his work with patients-are superiority/inferiority, sense of vulnerability, perceived injustice, efficacy/ helplessness, perceived malign intent of others, and a zero-sum worldview. Previous research-related activities that have led to this focus include some early work on "irrational" beliefs about relationships among marital couples (e.g., the Relationship Belief Inventory); several years developing mathematical models of the fear, greed and mass psychology of the financial futures and stock options markets (with mixed success); and most recently, an interest in complex adaptive systems and phenomena like emergence and self-organization as they bear on the behavioral and social sciences (e.g., 1997 paper in Review of General Psychology on these topics).
Francisco Gil-White
Mr. Gil-White is an anthropologist (biological and cultural) and psychologist (cognitive and evolutionary). Two of his main research interests are prestige processes and ethnic reasoning (i.e. reasoning about ethnicity). His methodology combines first, the ethnographic methods of long stays and participant/ observation, which contribute to rich, contextual understandings of naturalistic behavior; and second, cognitive-task, field and laboratory experiments. His fieldsite is in the province of Xovd, Mongolia and is inhabited mainly by Kazaxs and Torguud Mongols, and he has worked with both groups. Mr. Gil-White's institutional affiliation is in transition: he is leaving his alma mater, UCLA Anthropology, to accept an Assistant Professorship at the University of Pennsylvania's department of psychology.
His theory of prestige (co-authored with Joe Henrich, University of Michigan Business School) argues that prestige processes all result from psychological biases that evolved as refinements to a social-learning psychology. Ranking and deference biases evolved so that copiers could identify those with good information and buy access to them for better copying. This explains why skilled/knowledgeable people are attractive, and why such attraction motivates sycophantic behavior, even when such attractive people cannot coerce deference from sycophants. Thus, it explains why skill is correlated with status and why this form of status is quite different from dominance-type status, where deference is coerced. He believes this phenomenon is relevant to leadership processes in that previous evolutionary accounts of leadership have failed to distinguish prestige from dominance, or else account for it merely as the product of reciprocal exchanges for material goods, which does not explain many aspects of the ethologies. A paper detailing the theory will be published next year in Evolution and Human Behavior.
Mr. Gil-White's work on ethnicity investigates how people typically reason about ethnies. His hypothesis is that humans process ethnic categories with the same mental mechanisms that evolved to process 'species' categories. The reasons are: (1) ethnies superficially appear to the human brain as species categories (membership is a matter of biological descent, and members tend to mate with other members), and (2) thinking of ethnies as species was adaptive in the ancestral environment because it promotes inductive generalizations which are very useful when the members of the category are intercorrelated for many properties (in the case of ethnic groups, the members are intercorrelated for interactional norms). Because this form of processing leads to essentializing ethnies, it may help explain why ethnic stereotypes can be so stable, tolerance so difficult, and paranoia so common in situations of ethnic conflict. His empirical field-data and its implications for the circumstantialist/primordialist controversy is published in "How thick is blood," Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1999, vol.22, 789-820. Another paper has been accepted for publication in Field Methods. His theory of ethnic essentialism is under review at Current Anthropology. Currently, Gil-White is conducting a series of psychological experiments to test what characteristics of a social category will prime the brain to make inductive generalizations.
Ralph J. Greenspan
Dr. Greenspan has worked on the genetic and neurobiological basis of behavior in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) almost since the inception of the field, studying with one of its founders, Jeffery Hall, at Brandeis University in Massachusetts, where Dr. Greenspan received his Ph.D. in biology in 1979. He subsequently served on the faculties of Princeton University and New York University where he taught and conducted research, attaining the rank of full Professor in charge of the W.M. Keck Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology. In 1997, Dr. Greenspan relocated to San Diego to become a Senior Fellow in Experimental Neurobiology at The Neurosciences Institute.
Dr. Greenspan's work has ranged from the genetic control of nervous system development in the fruit fly and mouse, to genetic, molecular and neurobiological studies of innate and learned behaviors in the fruit fly. In the course of this work, he has pioneered several new approaches in the fruit fly that have had important implications for mammalian neurobiology, including: the demonstration that the fruit fly has a sleep-like behavior similar to that of mammals, studies of physiological and behavioral consequences of mutations in a neurotransmitter system affecting one of the brain's principal chemical signals, studies making highly localized genetic alterations in the nervous system to alter behavior, and molecular identification genes causing naturally occurring variation in behavior. Dr. Greenspan has been awarded many prestigious fellowships, beginning with a Helen Hay Whitney Fellowship and followed by research fellowships from the Searle Scholars Program, the McKnight Foundation, the Sloan Foundation and the Klingenstein Foundation. He has authored numerous papers in prestigious scientific journals such as Science, Cell and Neuron, an invited article on the subject of genes and behavior for Scientific American, and several books, including Genetic Neurobiology with Jeffrey Hall and William Harris, Flexibility and Constraint in Behavoiral Systems with C.P. Kyriacou, and Fly Pushing: The Theory and Practice of Drosophila Genetics, which has become a standard work in all fruit fly laboratories.
Donald L. Horowitz
Dr. Horowitz, who received his Ph.D. from Harvard University, is the James B. Duke Professor of Law and Political Science at Duke University. Dr. Horowitz has written widely on the legal process, government lawyers, ethnic politics, and military coups. He is the author of The Courts and Social Policy, for which he won the Louis Brownlow Prize of the National Academy of Public Administration, as well as The Jurocracy: Government Lawyers, Agency Programs, and Judicial Decisions and Coup Theories and Officers' Motives: Sri Lanka in Comparative Perspective. He has also published articles on ethnic conflict in Asia and Africa in such journals as World Politics, Comparative Politics, the Journal of Interdisciplinary History, the Annals, and Comparative Studies in Society and History and served on the boards of several journals dealing with ethnicity and democracy as well as on the boards of the Project on Ethnic Relations and of the Center for Development Studies in Bonn.
Dr. Horowitz has held fellowships and grants from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Social Science Research Council, the Woodrow Wilson Center, the U.S. Institute of Peace, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Rockefeller Foundation, the National Humanities Center, and the Pacific Basin Research Center. His book Ethnic Groups in Conflict was published in 1985 and was selected as an outstanding academic book by Choice magazine. He was a Visiting Fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge, in 1988 and of the Law Faculty at the University of Canterbury, in New Zealand, in 1995-96. His book, A Democratic South Africa? Constitutional Engineering in a Divided Society, published in 1991, won the 1992 Ralph J. Bunche Award of the American Political Science Association for the best book on the politics of ethnic and cultural pluralism. An edited volume, Immigrants in Two Democracies: French and American Experience, appeared in 1992. His recently-completed book, The Deadly Ethnic Riot, a comparative exploration of the role of reason and emotion in violent events, will be published by the University of California Press this fall.
In 1993, Dr. Horowitz was elected to membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In the spring of 2001, he will serve as Centennial Professor at the London School of Economics. Dr. Horowitz has served as a consultant to a number of national and international bodies on the design of institutions to ameliorate ethnic conflict. He is currently engaged in studies of constitutional design for divided societies and has recently returned from his fourth recent field trip to Indonesia.
Karen A. ("Etty") Jehn
Dr. Jehn received her Ph.D. from Northwestern's Kellogg Graduate School of Management and is a tenured faculty member of the Management Department of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, where she has been teaching negotiations, organization behavior, multinational management, executive leadership, strategic decision making and group processes for close to 10 years.
Dr. Jehn has researched workplace conflict in the U.S. and internationally, focusing on transnational teams in joint ventures. Most recently she has been interested in two new topic areas related to organizational conflict: diversity and deviance. In 1996, Dr. Jehn was named Faculty Coordinator of the George Harvey Program on Redefining Diversity supported by Pitney Bowes and the SEI Center of the Wharton School. She is also the Research Director of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation's Diversity Research Network. In addition, she was recently named Associate Editor of the International Journal of Conflict Management and is currently working on a review piece of her and others' work for Research in Organization Behavior.
Ken Kendler
Dr. Kendler is the Rachel Brown Banks Professor of Psychiatry and Professor of Human Genetics at the Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University. He also directs, along with Dr. Lindon Eaves, the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics. He completed his medical school training at Stanford University in 1977 and then went on to complete a residency in psychiatry at Yale University, where he was a Biological Scientist Training Program Fellow. After a brief stint as an Assistant Professor at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, where he worked as a neuropharmacologist, he moved to the Medical College of Virginia at Virginia Commonwealth University and began specializing in the area of psychiatric genetics. In the mid 1980s, after completing a course of training in statistical genetics at the University of Birmingham, England, Dr. Kendler began two projects that were to occupy him for much of the next decade.
The first of these was a series of studies on the genetics of schizophrenia performed in the Republic of Ireland. The series began with the Roscommon Family Study, in which Dr. Kendler and his research collaborators in Ireland, particularly Dr. Dermot Walsh, examined all cases of schizophrenia among individuals born after 1930 in the small western county of Roscommon, as well as a normal control sample and a psychiatric control sample of individuals with severe affective illness. Over four years, a team of dedicated interviewers interviewed all available family members throughout Ireland and England. Results from this project further clarified the nature of the familial transmission of schizophrenia and associated phenotypes. From this study, an initially small sample collection for high-density pedigrees expanded into the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families, in which almost all hospitals throughout the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland were contacted to help in ascertaining what remains the largest collection of multiplex schizophrenia families. This research is currently active, with several genomic regions having been identified as possible sites for susceptibility genes for schizophrenia (e.g., regions on the long arm of chromosome 5 and the short arms of chromosomes 6, 8, and 10). Of note, limited evidence for linkage for schizophrenia in all of these regions has been found in other studies. However, this remains a difficult area of inquiry, which has yet to yield dramatic successes.
The second series of studies, launched during the mid-1980's in close collaboration with Dr. Lindon Eaves, was based in the Virginia Twin Registry, a listing of all twins born in the Commonwealth of Virginia from 1918 to the present, and included epidemiologic studies of the effects of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of a range of psychiatric and substance abuse disorders. Prior to this, most psychiatric twin studies had included only a small number of twin pairs, were based on severe psychiatric illness that was seen in hospitals, and involved a single statistical analysis to determine whether the concordance in identical twins was greater than that in fraternal twins. With his close colleagues, Dr. Kendler led a research effort that moved psychiatric twin studies into large-sample general population studies in which the environment was seriously measured as an important component etiologic component to common psychiatric disorders. Finally, sophisticated biometrical statistical methods were applied to allow the investigators to obtain rigorous answers to a range of central questions in the etiology of common psychiatric disorders. These projects have expanded significantly over the last 15 years to include individual interviews with more than 20,000 male and female twins and their parents. The core sample of female-female twins, first interviewed in the mid 1980s, has been followed up four times over a decade. Six years ago, a major parallel study was begun in male-male and male-female twin pairs. Results from these projects have clarified the genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of a variety of psychiatric and substance abuse disorders, including major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, alcoholism and drug abuse.
Dr. Kendler's current research projects include molecular genetic studies focusing on nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence and, with his close colleague Dr. Patrick Sullivan, major depression. A principal ongoing research project in adult twins is attempting to clarify the role of environmental versus genetic factors in the etiology of substance abuse. Dr. Kendler is also very interested in the interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors in the etiology of psychiatric disorders, including genotype-environment interaction and correlation. He has recently received a grant from the John Templeton Foundation to study the relationship of various dimensions of spirituality to risk for psychiatric disorders in men and women. In addition, he has had an interest in the nosology of psychiatric disorders and has served as a task force member for both DSM-III-R and DSM-IV. His CV lists over 300 articles from peer-reviewed journals.
Dr. Kendler has received a number of prestigious awards, including: the Lieber Prize for Outstanding Research on Schizophrenia (1995); First Prize from the Anna-Monika-Foundation for outstanding contributions to research on depression (1997); the Stanley R. Dean Award from the American College of Psychiatrists, for major contributions to the understanding of schizophrenic disorders (1998), the Kurt Schneider Scientific Award for exceptional scientific achievement in schizophrenia (1998) and the Castilla del Pino Award for Achievement in Psychiatry (2000). He has received an Honorary Doctor of Science from the University of Birmingham, England, and is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.
Melvin Konner
Dr. Konner is the author of The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit (Holt, Rinehart, Winston, 1982; Holt paperback reprint, 1990; American Book Award nominee); Becoming a Doctor: A Journey of Initiation in Medical School (Viking/Elisabeth Sifton, 1987; Georgia Author of the Year, Nonfiction, 1988); with S. Boyd Eaton and Marjorie Shostak, The Paleolithic Prescription: A Guide to Diet and Exercise and a Design for Living (Harper and Row, 1988); Why the Reckless Survive, And Other Secrets of Human Nature (Viking, 1990; Penguin paperback, 1991); Childhood, linked to a major nine-hour public television series on which he appeared, October, 1991); Medicine at the Crossroads: The Crisis in Health Care (Pantheon, 1990; Vintage Paperback in press), linked a seven-hour series; and Dear America: A Concerned Doctor Wants You to Know the Truth About Health Reform (Addison-Wesley, 1993). A completely revised edition of The Tangled Wing is in press at W.H. Freeman (Spring, 2001). Biological Foundations of Psychosocial Growth, nearing completion, is under contract to Harvard University Press.
Dr. Konner is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of the Board of Trustees of the Russell Sage Foundation. He has testified twice at United States Senate Committee hearings, on health care reform and on the care of the dying. He has published seven columns on the New York Times Op-Ed page, was a regular contributor to the "Body and Mind" column of the New York Times Magazine, and wrote the regular column "On Human Nature" for The Sciences, the prizewinning magazine of the New York Academy of Sciences. He has written for Newsweek, M.D., Psychology Today, Omni, Ms., and other magazines, and has often reviewed books for Science, Nature, Scientific American, and the New York Times Book Review. He has been a fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and the Foundations' Fund for Research in Psychiatry. He holds Ph.D. and M.D. degrees from Harvard University, and is Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Anthropology and Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology at Emory University. He spent two years among the !Kung San (Bushmen), and taught at Harvard and then at Emory, for twenty-five years. He teaches courses on human biology, human behavioral biology, human nature, medicine and society, and the anthropology of the Jews. He is widowed (Marjorie Shostak, d. 1996) and the single father of three, ages twenty-one, eighteen, and thirteen. His wife's eight-year battle with cancer stimulated an interest in that disease and in the psychology of terminal illness.
Ian S. Lustick
Dr. Lustick is Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania. He received his B.A. magna cum laude from Brandeis University in 1971 and a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1976. He currently holds the Merriam Term Chair Professorship in the Social Sciences. He has served as Chair of the Penn Political Science Department, President of the Politics and History Section of the American Political Science Association, and President of the Association for Israel Studies. He is presently an Associate Director of the Solomon Asch Center for the Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict at the University of Pennsylvania.
Dr. Lustick worked in the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research and taught at Dartmouth College for fifteen years before coming to the University of Pennsylvania. He specializes in comparative politics, international politics, and social science theory. He has published extensively in the fields of ethnic conflict, secessionism, and Middle East politics. His first book, Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel's Control of a National Minority, which appeared in 1980, is still cited as the authoritative analysis of that issue. His books on fundamentalism and state-building success and failure in ethnically mixed settings have received wide acclaim. His 1993 book, Unsettled States, Disputed Lands: Britain and Ireland, France and Algeria, Israel and the West Bank/Gaza, received the 1995 J. David Greenstone Award from the American Political Science Association as the best book in politics and history. His latest book, forthcoming from Oxford University Press, is an edited volume entitled Rightsizing The State: The Politics Of Changing Boundaries.
Dr. Lustick has expanded his pioneering applications of comparative social science theory from deep historical and thickly contextualized studies of the Middle East and Europe to the systematic exploitation of computer simulations and agent-based modeling techniques developed on the basis of complexity and evolutionary theory. His most recent publications apply versions of his Agent Based Identity Repertoire (ABIR) model to problems of deliberative democracy and the testing of constructivist identity theory. This year he was awarded a two-year grant to apply the model to the problem of globalization and its relationship to the resurgence or containment of ethnic conflict.
Dennis McCarthy
Dennis McCarthy is a retired British industrialist, who was seconded to the Thatcher government. He works on long-termism and the quality of manufactured goods.
Richard McCarty
Currently the Executive Director for Science at the American Psychological Association in Washington, D.C., Dr. McCarty previously served for eight years as Chair of the Department of Psychology at the University of Virginia, where he started his career as a junior faculty member in 1978. He received his undergraduate training at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia and his Ph.D. in 1976 from Johns Hopkins University. He was a post-doctoral fellow in neuroscience at the National Institutes of Health from 1976-1978. Dr. McCarty has returned to conduct research at the National Institutes of Health on two occasions during sabbatical leaves from his faculty position. He was the recipient of a Research Scientist Development Award from the National Institute of Mental Health from 1985-1990. He served as Editor-in-Chief of the international journal Stress from 1995-1999. He has served as Chair of the Executive Board of the Council of Graduate Departments of Psychology and has been an organizer of several international symposia. Dr. McCarty is a fellow of several scientific societies, including the Society for Behavioral Medicine, the Academy of Behavioral Medicine Research, the International Institute of Stress, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Psychological Society. He has authored numerous journal articles in his two primary areas of research: the physiology of stress and the development of experimental hypertension. He has also edited six volumes in the fields of psychobiology and neuroscience research.
Clark ("Rick") McCauley
Dr. McCauley is Professor of psychology at Bryn Mawr College, Adjunct Professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, and co-Director of the Solomon Asch Center for the Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict at the University of Pennsylvania. He received his B.S. in Biology from Providence College in 1965 and his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania in 1970. From 1983 to 1998 he served as Consultant to the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation for research on dominance, aggression, and violence. His research interests include group dynamics (group polarization, groupthink, psychology of terrorist groups, group identification), sterereotyping (stereotypes as probabilistic perceptions of group difference, stereotype accuracy), disgust (individual differences, attractions of horror films), subjective quality of life in evaluating treatment for End-Stage Renal Disease, and the psychology of diversity workshops. In addition to numerous journal articles, he has been co-Editor of two recent volumes: Stereotype Accuracy: Toward an Appreciation of Group Differences (APA Books, 1995) and Personality and Person Perception across Cultures (Erlbaum, 1999).
Richard E. Nisbett
Dr. Nisbett is Theodore M. Newcomb Distinguished University Professor of Psychology and Senior Research Scientist at Michigan's Institute for Social Research. He is co-Director of the University's Culture and Cognition Program. Nisbett's research interests focus on reasoning and basic cognitive processes, especially induction, statistical reasoning, causal attribution, cost-benefit analysis and logical vs. dialectical approaches to problem-solving. He has studied the degree to which cognitive processes can be trained and the differences in East Asian and Western reasoning styles. He has also studied awareness of cognitive processes and lay personality theory. In the recent past he conducted research on the "culture of honor" in the U.S. South and West.
Christopher Peterson
Dr. Peterson has been at the University of Michigan since 1986, where he is Professor of Psychology and former Director of Clinical Training. He also holds an appointment as an Arthur F. Thurnau Professor. His original doctoral training (1972-1976) was in Social and Personality Psychology at the University of Colorado, where he became interested in individual differences in cognitive characteristics. He maintained this interest during his post-doctoral retraining in clinical psychology (1979-1981) at the University of Pennsylvania, where he began to use the perspective of the learned helplessness model to investigate psychopathology, specifically depression, and physical well-being.
He is the author or co-author of more than 170 publications, two of which have been deemed citation classics by Current Contents. Over the years, Dr. Peterson's work has been supported by funding from NIA, NIH, and OAM. His work falls most broadly within a stress and coping framework, with an emphasis on health applications. He also has a long-standing interest in how to assess psychological characteristics from archival data. He is currently turning his attention to positive psychology and is presently a Visiting Professor at the University of Pennsylvania, helping to devise a taxonomy of human strengths and virtues.
Wade Pickren
Dr. Pickren earned his Ph.D. in the History of Psychology from the University of Florida. Currently, he is the Director of Archives for the American Psychological Association. His historical scholarship centers on psychology and the public.
Steven Pinker
Dr. Pinker, a native of Montreal, received his B.A. from McGill University in 1976 and his Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard in 1979. After serving on the faculties of Harvard and Stanford Universities for one year each, he moved to MIT in 1982, where he is currently Peter de Florez Professor in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and a MacVicar Faculty Fellow. Dr. Pinker was co-Director of the MIT Center for Cognitive Science from 1986 to 1994, and Director of the McDonnell-Pew Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at MIT from 1994 to 1999.
Dr. Pinker's research has focused on visual cognition (including mental imagery, visual attention, and shape recognition) and on the psychology of language (including the acquisition, processing, historical change, and biological evolution of language). His research has been supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health, and has culminated in two scholarly books, a research monograph, three edited volumes, and many journal articles and book chapters.
In recognition of this research, Dr. Pinker has received the Troland Award from the National Academy of Sciences, the Distinguished Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology from the American Psychological Association, and the Boyd McCandless Award from the Division of Developmental Psychology of the APA. He also received an award for his graduate teaching, and a ten-year fellowship in recognition of his undergraduate teaching at MIT. He has been awarded the Golden Plate from the American Academy of Achievement, was named to the Esquire Register of Outstanding Americans Under 40 in 1986, and was granted an honorary Doctor of Science by his alma mater, McGill University, in 1999.
Dr. Pinker has written three critically acclaimed popular science books. The Language Instinct (1994) won the William James Book Prize from the APA and the Public Interest Award from the Linguistics Society of America, and was named an Editor's Choice by the New York Times Book Review as one of the ten best books of 1994. How the Mind Works (1997) won the William James Book Prize and the Los Angeles Times Science Book Prize, was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Critics Circle Award, and was named one of the ten best books of the decade and one hundred best books of the century by Amazon.com. Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language (1999) is currently a finalist for the Eleanor Maccoby Book Prize of the APA.
Dr. Pinker is an elected fellow of several scholarly societies, including the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Neuroscience Research Program. He is an Associate Editor of Cognition and serves on many professional panels, including the Usage Panel of the American Heritage Dictionary and the Scientific Advisory Panel of an 8-hour NOVA television series on evolution.
Dr. Pinker also writes frequently in the popular press, including the New York Times, Time, Slate, The New Yorker, Natural History, and Technology Review. He is currently working on a sixth book, The Blank Slate, which will appear in 2002.
Gérard Prunier
Dr. Prunier was born in Paris in 1942. He is a Professor of History at the University of Paris and a senior researcher in Modern and Contemporary History at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Until the age of 42, however, Dr. Prunier did not lead a classic academic life. Prior to joining academia, he wandered all over the world, both geographically and job-wise. He traveled as an undergraduate student at Harvard. He then drove trucks in Tanzania, did social work in the slums of Caracas, labored as a farmer and logger in British Columbia, ran an aircraft spare parts import-export company in Paris and taught secondary school history in Uganda.
Dr. Prunier received a Ph.D. in African History from the University of Paris in 1981. He began studying African conflicts, with which he is now very familiar, having been a witness, participant, and/or near victim of the Idi Amin regime in Uganda, the Eritrean war of independence in the 1970s, the still ongoing Sudanese conflict, the Somali civil war in the 1990s and the Rwandan genocide in 1994, about which he has written a book, The Rwanda Crisis.
He presently working on a book about the current conflict in Congo, entitled From Genocide to Continental War. Given his background, Dr. Prunier is interested in discussing biological and psychological approaches to problems he had previously considered social, cultural, economic and political. He will bring a unique perspective to the advisory panel. In his words, he will be "the slightly disturbing voice of the rough African bush where realities hardly ever fit any theories, including my own."
John Shelton Reed
Dr. Reed is the author of many books on Southern culture, including Whistling Dixie, My Tears Spoiled My Aim, and most recently (with Dale Volberg Reed) 1001 Things Everyone Should Know About the South. He recently retired from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was William Rand Kenan, Jr. Professor of sociology and Director of the Institute for Research in Social Science.
Dr. Reed is co-Editor of the quarterly Southern Cultures and has lectured at over a hundred colleges and Universities in the U.S. and abroad, including several in India as a Fulbright Distinguished Lecturer. He has held visiting positions at a number of institutions including the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Cambridge University, where he spent 1996-97 as the Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions.
Judith Rodin
On December 16, 1993, the University of Pennsylvania's Board of Trustees elected Dr. Rodin the seventh President of the university. She began her duties on July 1, 1994. The first Penn alumna to be named President of the University, Rodin graduated with honors in 1966 with a B.A. in psychology. She holds faculty appointments as a Professor of psychology in the School of Arts and Sciences and as a Professor of medicine and psychiatry in the School of Medicine. She returned to Penn after 22 years on the faculty of Yale University where she was provost from 1992 through 1994.
Dr. Rodin serves on the boards of the Brookings Institution, Catalyst, and the Greater Philadelphia First Corporation, and on the boards of Aetna Life & Casualty Company, AMR Corporation, Electronic Data Systems, and Young & Rubicam, Inc. She chairs the Council of Presidents of the Universities Research Association and is a member of the executive committee of the Association of American Universities. She serves on the steering committee of college presidents for America Reads and the executive committee of the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, and is a member of the Council on Competitiveness. Dr. Rodin currently serves on President Clinton's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology and is co-Chair of the transition team of Philadelphia Mayor John F. Street. She also served on a panel to review security at the White House from 1994-95. Rodin has been elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.
After earning her Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1970, Dr. Rodin joined the faculty of New York University as an Assistant Professor of psychology. She moved to Yale in 1972, was promoted to Associate Professor in 1975, named a full Professor of psychology in 1979, and added the title of Professor of medicine and psychiatry in 1985. Prior to her appointment as Yale's provost in 1992, she served two years as chair of the department of psychology and one year as dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. From 1983 to 1993, she chaired an international research network studying health and behavior for the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
Renowned for her work on the relationship between psychological and biological processes in human health and behavior, Rodin has published more than 200 articles and chapters in academic publications and authored or co-authored ten books, most recently Body Traps, which examines the role of physical appearance in the psychological health of women.
Paul Rozin
Dr. Rozin is Edmund J. and Louise W. Kahn Professor of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also co-Director of the Solomon Asch Center for the Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict at the university. His many research interests include the acquisition of likes and dislikes for foods, the nature and development of the magical belief in contagion, the cultural evolution of disgust, ambivalence to animal foods, lay conception of risk of infection and toxic effects of foods, interaction of moral and health factors in concerns about risks, relation between people's desires to have desires and their actual desires (including the problem of internalization), acquisition of culture, nature of cuisine, cultural evolution. He has carried out research in the United States, France, Japan, and India.
Robert M. Sapolsky
Dr. Sapolsky is Professor of Biological Sciences at Stanford University, and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine. In addition, he is a research associate at the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya. His research interests are in three areas: a) studying the mechanisms underlying how stress hormones can damage neurons of the nervous system; b) developing gene therapy strategies for protecting neurons from neurological insults; c) fieldwork with wild baboons in East Africa, studying the relationships among social rank, personality, and patterns of stress-related disease. Dr. Sapolsky received his Ph.D. in neuroendocrinology from Rockefeller University.
Peter Schulman
Peter Schulman is Research Director of the Martin Seligman Research Alliance in the Department of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania. He has a B.S. in Economics from The Wharton School, with a major in Management.
He currently oversees groundbreaking large-scale longitudinal research supported by NIMH on the prevention of depression and anxiety among college students at risk for depression. Participants who received the cognitive-behavioral intervention had significantly fewer episodes of depression and anxiety than the no-intervention control group, and improvements in optimism mediated the prevention effect.
Mr. Schulman is currently developing a Web-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for large-scale testing and dissemination. The purpose of this pioneering intervention is to prevent depression and anxiety, improve physical health, and enhance achievement on a massive scale. Some of the features of this intervention include self-paced and self-directed online lessons that use text, streaming video and streaming audio; online exercises with feedback; threaded discussions; structured chat rooms; online dependent measures; and online trainers who will play various roles - monitor and participate in chat rooms and threaded discussions, offer virtual office hours, respond to e-mails, and provide feedback to online exercises.
He has managed numerous research projects, including the impact of optimism on achievement in various domains, the increase in optimism as a mechanism of relief from depression during cognitive-behavioral therapy, the heritability of optimism, and the development and application of a content analytic technique to assess optimism. He developed and designed the Web site for the Martin Seligman Research Alliance (http://www.psych.upenn.edu/seligman). He is also President of Foresight, Inc., a human resources consulting firm that provides research services and optimism testing to various businesses.
Martin E. P. Seligman
Dr. Seligman works on positive psychology, learned helplessness, depression, and on optimism and pessimism. He is currently Robert A. Fox Leadership Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania. He is well-known in academic and clinical circles, a best-selling author, and former President of the American Psychological Association, having been elected in 1997 by the largest vote in modern history.
His bibliography includes 15 books and 150 articles on motivation and personality. Among his better known works are Learned Optimism (Knopf, 1991), What You Can Change & What You Can't (Knopf, 1993), The Optimistic Child (Houghton Mifflin, 1995), Helplessness (Freeman, 1975, 1993) and Abnormal Psychology (Norton, 1982, 1988, 1995, with David Rosenhan). He is the recipient of two Distinguished Scientific Contribution awards from the American Psychological Association, the Laurel Award of the American Association for Applied Psychology and Prevention, and the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Society for Research in Psychopathology. He holds an honorary Ph.D. from Uppsala, Sweden and Doctor of Humane Letters from the Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology. Dr. Seligman received both the American Psychological Society's William James Fellow Award (for contribution to basic science) and the James McKeen Cattell Fellow Award (for the application of psychological knowledge).
Dr. Seligman's research and writing has been broadly supported by a number of institutions including The National Institute of Mental Health (continuously since 1969), the National Institute of Aging, the National Science Foundation, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the MacArthur Foundation. His research on preventing depression received the MERIT Award of the National Institute of Mental Health in 1991. He is the founder and Editor-in-Chief of Prevention and Treatment, the electronic journal of the American Psychological Association. He is Treasurer of the Council of Scientific Society Presidents, Network Director of the Positive Psychology Network, Scientific Director of the Telos Taxonomy Project of the Mayerson Foundation, and Chair of the Board of Advisors of the Solomon Asch Center for the Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict. For 14 years, Dr. Seligman was Director of the Clinical Training Program of the Psychology Department of the University of Pennsylvania. He was named "Distinguished Practitioner" by the National Academies of Practice. He is a past-President of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association. Dr. Seligman served as the leading consultant to Consumer Reports for their pioneering article that documented the effectiveness of long-term psychotherapy. He is scientific director of Foresight, Inc, a testing company which predicts success in various walks of life.
Robert Seyfarth
Dr. Seyfarth is Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania. His research focuses on the social behavior, vocal communication, and cognition of nonhuman primates in their natural habitat. Methods include observational sampling and playback experiments in which the calls of known individuals are played to subjects from a concealed loudspeaker and the subjects' behavior is filmed. His goals are to clarify the differences between nonhuman primate communication and human language, and to explore the cognitive mechanisms that may underlie nonhuman primate social relationships. Dr. Seyfarth and his colleagues are currently baboons in the Okavango Delta, Botswana; red colobus and diana monkeys in the Tai Forest, Ivory Coast; spider monkeys in Mexico; and cebus monkeys in Costa Rica.
Some representative publications include:
Cheney, D.L. & Seyfarth, R.M. (1990). How monkeys see the world. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Seyfarth, R.M. & Cheney, D.L. (1992). Meaning and mind in monkeys. Scientific American, 267, 122-129.
Cheney, D.L., Seyfarth, R.M. & Silk, J.B. (1995). The role of grunts in reconciling opponents and facilitating interactions among adult female baboons. Animal Behaviour, 50, 249-257.
Zuberbuhler, K., Noe, R., & Seyfarth, R.M. (1997). Diana monkey long distance calls: Messages for conspecifics and predators. Animal Behaviour, 53, 589-604.
Palombit, R.A., Seyfarth, R.M., & Cheney, D.L. (1997). The adaptive value of "friendships" to female baboons: Experimental and observational evidence. Animal Behaviour, 54, 599-614.
Cheney, D.L. & Seyfarth, R.M. (1997). Reconciliatory grunts by dominant female baboons influence victims' behavior. Animal Behaviour, 54, 409-418.
Seyfarth, R.M. & Cheney, D.L. (1997). Behavioral mechanisms underlying vocal communication in nonhuman primates. Animal Learning and Behavior, 25, 249-267.
Robert J. Sternberg
Dr. Sternberg is IBM Professor of Psychology and Education in the Department of Psychology at Yale University. He received his B.A. from Yale in 1972, summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, and his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1975. He holds an honorary doctorate from the Complutense University of Madrid. His interests in psychology cross-cut various areas. A fellow of 11 divisions of the American Psychological Association, Dr. Sternberg is also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Psychological Society.
Dr. Sternberg has received two awards from the American Psychological Association: the Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology and the Boyd R. McCandless Young Scientist Award. He has also received the Palmer O. Johnson Award, Sylvia Scribner Award, the Research Review Award, and the Outstanding Book Award from the American Educational Research Association. He has won numerous awards from various other organizations, such as the Cattell Award of the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology, Distinguished Contribution Award of the National Association for Gifted Children, James McKeen Cattell Award of the American Psychological Society, Distinguished Lifetime Contribution to Psychology Award from the Connecticut Psychological Association, and the International Award of the Association of Portuguese Psychologists.
Much of Dr. Sternberg's research investigates the application of his theories to teaching at all levels. He is President-elect of APA Division 24 (Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology), President of Division 10 (Psychology and the Arts), and has served as President of Division 1 (General Psychology) and Division 15 (Educational Psychology) of the American Psychological Association. He is past Editor of the Psychological Bulletin and Editor of Contemporary Psychology. Sternberg is most well-known for his triarchic theory of intelligence, triangular theory of love, theory of mental self-government, and investment theory of creativity (developed in collaboration with Todd Lubart). He also has proposed a new balance theory of wisdom and propulsion theory of creative contributions.
Dr. Sternberg has authored over 800 articles, books, and book chapters, including Beyond IQ, Cupid's Arrow, Metaphors of Mind, Defying the Crowd (with Todd Lubart), Thinking Styles, Successful Intelligence, and Love is a Story. He is also the author of In Search of the Human Mind and of Pathways to Psychology, two introductory psychology texts, as well as of Cognitive Psychology, a cognition text. Sternberg has been a Guggenheim Fellow and a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow.
Peter Suedfeld
Dr. Suedfeld is a psychologist at the University of British Columbia. His research interest, broadly stated, is in how people react to and cope with challenging (stressful, dangerous, traumatic, extreme) situations. The ones Dr. Seudfeld has studied include laboratory stimulus reduction, working in polar station, making life-or-death (as well as more mundane) decisions as a high-level political, diplomatic, or military official, and being a survivor of the Holocaust.
The joint Canadian-American initiative on ethnopolitical warfare was started by Dr. Martin E.P. Seligman and Dr. Suedfeld when they were Presidents-Elect and then Presidents, respectively, of American Psychological Association and the Canadian Psychological Association. Dr. Suedfeld enjoys collaborating with people from other disciplines, as well as psychology. In the past, he has done research with cardiologists, pediatricians, psychiatrists, political scientists, historians, family studies experts (his wife is one), physiologists, etc. Dr. Suedfeld is also involved in a fair number of panels and committees, including years of working with NASA and the Canadian Space Agency. He was born in Hungary, moved to the United States when he was 13, and was educated there. He taught at Rutgers until 1972, when he joined the University of British Columbia faculty.
John Tooby (and Leda Cosmides)
Drs. Tooby and Cosmides are two young scientists best known for their pioneering work in the new field of evolutionary psychology. This multidisciplinary new approach weaves together cognitive science, human evolution, hunter-gatherer studies, neuroscience, psychology and evolutionary biology into a new approach to understanding and mapping the human mind and brain. According to this new view, by understanding the adaptive problems our hunter-gatherer ancestors faced during their evolution, researchers can uncover the detailed functional designs of the emotions, reasoning "instincts" and motivations that human evolution produced.
Drs. Tooby and Cosmides both developed their interest in rebuilding psychology along evolutionary lines while undergraduates at Harvard, which is where they met, married, and began their 21-year collaboration. Dr. Tooby took his A.B. in experimental psychology and his Ph.D. in biological anthropology; Dr. Cosmides took her A.B. in biology and her Ph.D. in cognitive psychology. They did post-doctoral work with Roger Shepard, a cognitive psychologist at Stanford. They were then made Fellows at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, where they formed the Special Project on Evolutionary Psychology with three other researchers. In 1990 they moved to the University of California, Santa Barbara, where they are on the faculty-Dr. Cosmides in psychology, and Dr. Tooby in anthropology. In 1992, they published The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture, an edited volume designed to be a state-of-the-art survey of the new field.
They have published research in cognitive psychology, evolutionary biology, cultural and biological anthropology, genetics, and economics; on topics such as how humans have "cognitive instincts" specialized for reasoning about cooperation; on the adaptive design of the emotions; on the evolution of sexual reproduction as a defense against parasites; on conflict in the genome; and on the cognitive foundations of cultural transmission.
They have both won awards for their work on the foundations of evolutionary psychology. In 1991, Dr. Tooby won a Presidential Young Investigator Award from the National Science Foundation. Dr. Cosmides won the 1988 American Association for the Advancement of Science Prize for Behavioral Science Research, and the 1993 American Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology. They both had John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowships for 1999-2000. Drs. Tooby and Cosmides currently are co-Directors of the Center for Evolutionary Psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. They are working on a number of projects, including the exploration of the evolved psychology underlying coalitions and intergroup conflict, the evolutionary psychology of threat interpretation, the motivational basis of the aversion to incest, and the cross-cultural validation of human psychological universals.
George E. Vaillant
Dr. Vaillant is a Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and Director of Research for the Division of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital. He has spent the last 25 years as Director of the Study of Adult Development at the Harvard University Health Service. Dr. Vaillant has spent his research career charting adult development and the recovery process of schizophrenia, heroin addiction, alcoholism, and personality disorder. His published works include Adaptation to Life, 1977, The Wisdom of the Ego, 1993, and The Natural History of Alcholism-Revisited, 1995.
Dr. Vaillant has been a Fellow of the American College of Psychiatrists and has been an invited speaker and consultant for seminars and workshops throughout the world. A major focus of his work in the past has been to develop ways of studying defense mechanisms empirically; more recently he has been interested in successful aging. A graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Medical School, Dr. Vaillant did his residency at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center and completed his psychoanalytic training at the Boston Psychoanalytic Institute. Dr. Vaillant has received the Foundations Fund Prize for Research in Psychiatry from the American Psychiatric Association, the Stecker Award from the Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital, and the Semrad Award from the Massachusetts Mental Health Center.
Paul R. Verkuil
Paul Verkuil is Professor of law and Dean at Benjamin N. Cardozo Law School of Yeshiva University. His prior academic positions include: Visiting Professor at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, President of the College of William and Mary, Dean of Tulane Law School and Professor of law at the University of North Carolina Law School. He practiced law in New York City after graduating with honors from the University of Virginia Law School and serving in the United States Army. His undergraduate degree is from William and Mary.
Dean Verkuil has written over 60 articles and five books principally on administrative law and economic regulation topics; he is a leading scholar in the field. His work on comparative constitutional systems includes academic visits with U.S. Supreme Court Justices and their English and French counterparts; he has supplemented his work with real world constitution drafting exercises in Bulgaria and Romania in the Post 1989 period. Dean Verkuil recently served as a Special Master appointed by the U.S. Supreme Court in New Jersey v. New York, an original jurisdiction case which resolved the issue of sovereignty over Ellis Island. He is a fellow of the American Bar Foundation, a member of the American Law Institute and past Chair of the ABA Section on Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice. He was recently chosen by the ABA section to be Chief Reporter on a major project to restate the entire field of administrative law.
Jonathan Weiner
A writer with a strong interest in biology, Weiner is a Writer in Residence at Rockefeller University. He has spent much of the last ten years looking over the shoulders of biologists whose work relates at least tangentially to the huge subject that brings us together. In his last book, The Beak of the Finch, he describes a classic field study of evolution in action, fieldwork that is still in progress today in the Galapagos Islands. The action among Darwin's finches turns out to be much faster than Darwin ever imagined. Our own species is still evolving too, and it is reasonable to ask which traits we have been selecting for in the world we have made for ourselves since the cave days, and which traits we are selecting for right now.
In Weiner's latest book, Time, Love, Memory, he describes a chain of discoveries that led biologists to explore behavior from the bottom up-from genes to behavior. Fruit flies in fly bottles opened the science of the gene, and they also opened the study of the links between DNA and basic instincts. The book's title refers to genes that shape the built-in biological clock, as well as certain sexual instincts, and the ability to learn, remember, and forget. This research led to some of the first experiments by molecular biologists in the genetic engineering of behavior. In principle, the same tools of genetic engineering could someday be used to shape our own evolution, which has been from the beginning one of the most fascinating and disturbing prospects in all of science.
Margo Wilson
Dr. Wilson is an evolutionary psychologist at McMaster University in Canada. She and her colleague and collaborator, Martin Daly, and have been studying interpersonal violence, especially homicide, since 1978. Their initial human research was inspired by some nonhuman studies of infanticide and of mate-guarding. As evolutionists and adaptationists, they believe that contemporary theories in evolutionary biology offer a powerful framework for developing hypotheses about conflict (and cooperation) and competition. And they have been rewarded by finding a great deal of support for our selection-minded hypotheses about variations in who kills whom, and why, under what circumstances; these hypotheses often seem obvious in hindsight, but non-Darwinian social scientists hadn't thought to investigate them. Dr. Wilson also studied the behavior and psychology of Japanese quail, rhesus monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and kangaroo rats. The details of the research questions have varied, but they mostly fit within the themes that could describe our homicide research: sex and violence. The evolutionary psychological framework means that Wilson can rationalize these otherwise disparate studies as the pursuit of a few basic questions about functional responses to adaptive problems. Dr. Wilson believes that she and Dr. Daly are the first evolutionary psychologists of human behavior to be elected as Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada. Their joint website has a listing of their publications: http://www.science.mcmaster.ca/Psychology/dalywilson/dalywilson.html.
David G. Winter
Dr. Winter is Professor of Psychology at the University of Michigan. He was educated at Harvard University and the University of Oxford. He previously taught at Wesleyan University, and has been a visiting faculty member at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard, College of the Holy Cross, University of Amsterdam, and Peking University.
Dr. Winter is a personality and social psychologist with a special interest in political psychology. His research has focused on power and power motivation; the motivational bases of leadership; and the psychological aspects of conflict escalation, war, and peace. He is the author of The Power Motive, Motivating Economic Achievement (with D. C. McClelland), A New Case for the Liberal Arts (with D. C. McClelland and A. J. Stewart), and recently Personality: Analysis and Interpretation of Lives, as well as numerous papers in psychological journals. He also translated and edited Otto Rank's The Don-Juan Legend. He is a past President of the International Society of Political Psychology.
Robert Wright
Mr. Wright is a visiting scholar in the psychology department of the University of Pennsylvania, where he teaches a course titled "Human Nature and Social Change." His most recent book is Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny, published in February, 2000, by Pantheon Books. His previous book, The Moral Animal: Evolutionary Psychology and Everyday Life, has been published in nine languages and was named by the New York Times Book Review as one of the 12 best books of 1994. Wright writes the column "The Earthling" for Slate magazine. He is also a contributing editor at The New Republic. He has written for Time, the Atlantic Monthly, the New Yorker, and the New York Times Magazine. He previously worked at The Sciences magazine, where his column "The Information Age" won the National Magazine Award for Essay and Criticism. His first book, Three Scientists and Their Gods: Looking for Meaning in an Age of Information, was published in 1988 and was nominated for a National Book Critics Circle Award.